If you are looking to run into some of your favorite locals or friends from high school, please look no further folks! This is the stomping ground for all Exeter locals near and far, as it it the only sufficient and well versed bar in the area. There's no doubt that on any holiday or major weekend you can find the Taproom packed to the brim with the local Exeter alum, especially on Thanksgiving Eve. It's a hit or miss as to whether they'll have a cover charge, but it is usually only when Threes Company is playing(and it's worth it). The beer is very well priced, and there is plenty to choose from. If you are going to the Taproom to have a Miller Lite you're either going to get drunk, looking to spend minimal money, or have an ulterior motive. You most certainly go to the Taproom to choose from their draft selection, draft list, or from the bottle room. How could you not? As well as great beer selections, they also have a great menu. Do not expect just your typical bar food, from having a friend that was a server here, the chef carefully selects all the menu items and puts a great deal of time into ensuring that you receive a quality dish. I've gone on several occasions to their Sunday brunch and the food was delicious. The menu items for the brunch actually change with the seasons, so you can always try new things. If you choose to go to the taproom you will not be disappointed. It is a very large bar with a great deal of seating, includes a pool table, an outdoor patio, large bottle selection, live local music, and much more.
(5)
DT M.
Today my girlfriend, the spectacular Miss T, and I both had work in the area and Yelp! led us to this gem. We happen to make our way here on what they dub "wing night" - all the buffalo chicken wings you choose to consume for a reasonable price of $10.99. That coupled with an extensive, exciting beer draught list made for a lovely evening with the love of my life. We enjoyed a smorgasbord of wing flavors. My favorite was their House Hot, whereas spectacular Miss T liked the Jack Daniel's the most. We also enjoyed the White Heat (Miss T liked, I didn't try), Old Bay (was okay), Boom Boom (I liked, Miss T did not) and Honey Heat. Yum yum yum. Nom nom nom.
(5)
Allison G.
The taproom has a lot of live music and specials to check out. There are specials on menu items as well as other offers like flights of beers and other beers. The pizza is delicious and so is the hummus. The hummus is take-home worthy. There are televisions to watch the latest sports matches and games. Liberty Taproom has a an incentive program that you can join. You can drink a curated list of beers so that you can work up to be plated on the plaques on the wall. The highest honor is completing the challenging and getting a personal cup/ mug to drink from that resides at the taproom. There are drink specials for loyalty members/ members seeking to conquer the challenge. Liberty Taproom also offers a 6 pack and go selection. You can select a variety of domestics and imports and pay a certain price for the 6 pack. The outside seating during evening hours is a great time. It is peaceful from the fervor inside with gorgeous trees and an outside bar. The venue has a live lineup to check out. Definite check out the website for future events on Thursdays and Fridays.
(4)
Heather R.
Would've given this place 4 stars...that is until a cockroach climbed from behind the bar counter and had a drink with me! Disgusting!
(1)
Chris B.
Food sucks. Bartenders suck. They'd rather finish the food they're eating before serving you. Very over priced beer. Plus..what's with the sewage smell at night. It's bad. Perhaps it's what they're cooking. Seriously this place stinks.
(1)
Emily S.
I have been coming to Liberty since it opened a few years ago. My visits were sporadic but when I finally moved to Mt. Penn I started going more frequently and I am proud to say that myself and my boyfriend are PROUD REGULARS! Now, I have to be honest, I wasn't always super impressed with Lib. In the beginning up until maybe a year ago, I felt like the service was sometimes off, the food just ok, and the clientele could be a bit rowdy (which I am willing to let slide because it's a bar so it happens). I don't know what happened, but the place completely changed. Their menu (maybe a month or two old now) is to die for! Please do yourself a favor and order the falafel patty from the "make your own" burger section. I have never had such amazing Falafel before! I like their Sunday special which is a dozen wings and a pizza for $16. Delicious! I do think the wings are expensive on their own (something like $10 a dozen) but when you see the size of them, it makes total sense. I'm not really a beer person, but I know my beer snob friends enjoy their selection of craft beer. I can tell you that the wait staff and bartenders are extremely knowledgable about what is currently on tap and very willing to give you a sample. They are also some of the nicest people in the world. I have never had bad service in the year that I have been going. I love going Tuesday and Wednesday's because it is a bit quieter but Sunday afternoons and evenings are nice as well, unless there is a game on ;) Love this place, love everyone in it!
(5)
Zach Q.
I've never tried the food here so I can't give it 5 stars but the beer selection is phenomenal for a place in the Reading area. I was impressed by the dogfish head 120 minute soaked in oak chips, 18% abv... I didn't even try it, just impressed that Liberty was on that level. I live out of town now, so I haven't been here often but I know they have a good takeout section too. I think they're "loyalty" program with the silver mugs might be a bit far fetched. You'd have to spend 500 dollars just to get 1 dollar off per beer, but hey, what do I know? Just keep serving up the delicious craft selections. There was a band playing here during my visit. Live music is always cool.
(4)
Michael Y.
I think I was last here 15+ years ago when the "out back" patio was built during a previous business incarnation. It is still a very pleasant place to sit 'n' sip on beautiful summer night. The current incarnation is fantastic; the beer selection is phenomenal, the food delish! Myself, wife and adult daughter 2 beers each a total of 6 very different varieties all great. Fish tacos and Cobb salad fresh and well done, delightful and helpful service. Well worth the experience. Next visit will be likely in the next 15 days and not 15 years, for sure!
(4)
Debby W.
I live close by and really want to love this place...but after going several times since they opened it is always pretty average. Nothing was awful but not great either, food sounds better than it tastes, comes out luke warm and is nothing memorable.
(2)
Jeff S.
I grew up in the Reading area and was in town for a high school class reunion. Before I even suggested that we do a pre-reunion gathering here, a few people had already recommended this place for craft beer lovers like myself. So we had our little gathering here out on the patio and I returned to check out the inside on July 4th. The beer selection is amazing. The taps change a bit so make sure you have the current menu. They have a wide variety of beer on tap in every style imaginable. In addition they have a bottle room which you can select from various bottles to drink on-site or to take home. If you can't find a beer that interests you here, you are too picky. The food is really good here. On my first visit here, I had the blackened fish tacos which were spicy. Just wish that maybe the fish could have been cut up. But the sauce and the toppings were great and provided a cool contrast to the spiciness of the fish. It also came with a salad that was beautifully presented. The next visit I had their wings which I got a whiff of from the gentleman sitting next to me. The hot sauce isn't very hot to me...maybe for Berks County standards it is but I've had hotter so I asked for the XXX Hot on the side. That was worth it. Good flavor in a rather chunky sauce. Inside they have 3 TV's each on either side of the bar and there are TV's scattered throughout the restaurant. The restaurant does seem a little dark. They also had an acoustic musician playing on Friday night. Outside, they have a really nice patio with its own bar and beer taps. Service was good here whether it was on the patio or inside. If you are into craft beer, this is definitely a place to check out.
(4)
J H.
Awesome food! Fair prices and lots of beer. Outside seating makes it a favorite spot durning summer.
(5)
Tyrone M.
Good wings with the house hot sauce. AYCE for $11 on Mondays. Apps are $5 on Tuesdays. Good cheesesteak rolls, but skip the Ranchero Locos Tacos. They're literally the same mini tacos that 7-11 sells 4 for $1, spruced up a little bit presentation wise.
(5)
Robert K.
You like Microbrews? You like good music? You like a take-out beer? Liberty Taproom's got you covered. They are conveniently located in Exeter, PA and offer some fantastic food choices and beer pairings. They have something like 36 taps and usually have an out-of-this-world draft list. It's a beer snobs paradise! They have one of the best offerings in the area for microbrews. You could compare them to places like Canal Street in Reading, except they have servers who are attentive and will get you your drinks promptly and not keep you waiting an hour for food. Can't wait to write that review. The beer prices can be salty though. If you're budgetting, make sure you account for every sip! They have and will increase beer prices based on popularity. You know all that Pumking we're swimming in now? Well this time last year it was impossible to find. Thankfully Liberty was willing to satisfy that pumpkin desire for a reasonable sum of $16-18 a bottle. Holy price gouging! Lastly, they do NOT do reservations. That parts a real killer, especially if you have friends in town and you want to take them out for a few beers. They do call aheads in stead, which I guess is an OK alternative. If you have the funds and like to indulge and imbibe; head on over to Liberty Tap Room and check out what's on draft. Also, that pulled pork's a killer!
(3)
Matthew F.
Terrible. Bad service. Careless party atmosphere. Over priced. No no no. Took 15 minutes to get a drink with rude service.
(1)
Anna Mae T.
The food was good and the portions huge. I had the French dip and half the sandwich would have been an adequate portion. (That is what I ate). My daughter enjoyed the brisket sliders. We were surprised that the brisket was shredded as I typically see it in slices. Also the coleslaw was on the sandwiches but she removed it and asked for BBQ sauce. The downside was poor service. It was very slow (they were empty) and having to ask multiple times for things like a glass of water and the missing order of fries). The other waitress seemed more attentive. Also, despite many paninis on the menu they were out of panini bread so they were offering the panini not grilled and on either a brioche bun or a wrap. I changed my roger away from a panini.
(3)
Thomas K.
Had a great time here last night. We went for dinner and drinks after a hockey game. We had Abe as a server and he was great! The place was jam packed and even with a lot of tables he was very attentive. Entrees aren't available after 9 pm which was fine I was happy to change my order to a burger. I like darker and more hoppy beers while my girlfriend likes lighter beers. Abe made great suggestions to both of us. We ordered the lobster cigars as an appetizer and they were surprisingly light and had great taste. My girlfriend had a calzone which she loved. The burger I ordered mistakenly was taken to another table. I was promptly informed of this by both the manager/owner? and Abe. It is a normal occurrence when a place is this busy and I was comp'd a beer which wasn't at all necessary but I was again told how sorry they were and it was the least they could do. We will certainly return here as the on tap menu changes regularly and both the clientele and employees are a joy to be around.
(5)
Amy H.
Liberty Taproom supports local musicians and local musicians support Liberty Taproom. You gotta love that!
(4)
Steven B.
As I wander across the country seeking out great beer spots my Yelp Mobile App has struck gold once again. Well maybe not gold but at least great golden beer! These folks have 32 drafts and a very impressive list of 450 bottles. I've visited plenty of places with more taps but rarely have I experienced this many bottles. If you are a beer aficionado it's certain you will be pleased. Part of that pleasure will come from competent bartenders that know their beers. My guy was Pat and he knew his stuff. I had a chance to chat with my fellow bar patrons and they mentioned that other bartenders here are also very knowledgeable. The bar atmosphere is more brew pub than sports bar but the eighteen TVs will likely satisfy the sports fans. The stools are comfortable. I perused the menu and decided to go for the Stromboli. You can choose Pepperoni, Sausage, Ham, or all three with Green Peppers, Mushrooms, and Mozzarella. (Large $15.75, Medium $9.75, Personal $7.75) I was hungry so I went for a medium combo of all three. Silly me! This thing was gigantic! I felt like Adam on Man vs. Food. When it was placed in front of me I expected my fellow patrons to start chanting and cheering me on. It was slightly under-cooked but still very good. Needless to say "Food" won this day. No T-shirt for me! I come from the Philly area where Yelp activity is very high. Many places have dozens if not hundreds of reviews. As I write this these folks have 15 reviews with a solid 4 star rating. Don't let the small number of reviews dissuade you. These folks deserve their four stars and are definitely worth a visit.
(4)
J S.
Stopped in for lunch and a few beers. Second time there during the lunch hour and no crowd both visits so if you're looking for a laid back lunch with no lines, this is the place. Food was good. I had the Chipotle chicken panini with a side of chips. Guess you can't go wrong with a sandwich. They have 30+ taps of regularly rotating craft beers as well as a nice sized bottle room. Liberty does get busy in the evenings especially on the weekends so plan accordingly. Will definitely be back.
(4)
Ed G.
I mean it's okay. So so. Not good not bad. Good portions good prices close by. Some of the staff is friendly some of the staff is rude. I'm sure they will weed that out. I would recommend a strombolli.
(4)
Seam H.
Good beer selection. Food menu and specials are great. Service can be a bit slow. Band nights a bit too loud.
(4)
J R.
Dirty Dirty!! mediocre food, not all beers available on the patio. This whole facility need a good scrubbing.
Takes Reservations : Yes Delivery : No Take-out : Yes Accepts Credit Cards : Yes Good For : Dinner, Late Night Parking : Private Lot Bike Parking : Yes Good for Kids : No Good for Groups : Yes Attire : Casual Ambience : Casual Noise Level : Average Music : Live Good For Dancing : No Alcohol : Full Bar Happy Hour : Yes Best Nights : Mon, Wed, Sat Coat Check : No Smoking : Outdoor Area/ Patio Only Outdoor Seating : Yes Wi-Fi : Free Has TV : Yes Waiter Service : Yes Caters : No
Katie B.
If you are looking to run into some of your favorite locals or friends from high school, please look no further folks! This is the stomping ground for all Exeter locals near and far, as it it the only sufficient and well versed bar in the area. There's no doubt that on any holiday or major weekend you can find the Taproom packed to the brim with the local Exeter alum, especially on Thanksgiving Eve. It's a hit or miss as to whether they'll have a cover charge, but it is usually only when Threes Company is playing(and it's worth it). The beer is very well priced, and there is plenty to choose from. If you are going to the Taproom to have a Miller Lite you're either going to get drunk, looking to spend minimal money, or have an ulterior motive. You most certainly go to the Taproom to choose from their draft selection, draft list, or from the bottle room. How could you not? As well as great beer selections, they also have a great menu. Do not expect just your typical bar food, from having a friend that was a server here, the chef carefully selects all the menu items and puts a great deal of time into ensuring that you receive a quality dish. I've gone on several occasions to their Sunday brunch and the food was delicious. The menu items for the brunch actually change with the seasons, so you can always try new things. If you choose to go to the taproom you will not be disappointed. It is a very large bar with a great deal of seating, includes a pool table, an outdoor patio, large bottle selection, live local music, and much more.
(5)DT M.
Today my girlfriend, the spectacular Miss T, and I both had work in the area and Yelp! led us to this gem. We happen to make our way here on what they dub "wing night" - all the buffalo chicken wings you choose to consume for a reasonable price of $10.99. That coupled with an extensive, exciting beer draught list made for a lovely evening with the love of my life. We enjoyed a smorgasbord of wing flavors. My favorite was their House Hot, whereas spectacular Miss T liked the Jack Daniel's the most. We also enjoyed the White Heat (Miss T liked, I didn't try), Old Bay (was okay), Boom Boom (I liked, Miss T did not) and Honey Heat. Yum yum yum. Nom nom nom.
(5)Allison G.
The taproom has a lot of live music and specials to check out. There are specials on menu items as well as other offers like flights of beers and other beers. The pizza is delicious and so is the hummus. The hummus is take-home worthy. There are televisions to watch the latest sports matches and games. Liberty Taproom has a an incentive program that you can join. You can drink a curated list of beers so that you can work up to be plated on the plaques on the wall. The highest honor is completing the challenging and getting a personal cup/ mug to drink from that resides at the taproom. There are drink specials for loyalty members/ members seeking to conquer the challenge. Liberty Taproom also offers a 6 pack and go selection. You can select a variety of domestics and imports and pay a certain price for the 6 pack. The outside seating during evening hours is a great time. It is peaceful from the fervor inside with gorgeous trees and an outside bar. The venue has a live lineup to check out. Definite check out the website for future events on Thursdays and Fridays.
(4)Heather R.
Would've given this place 4 stars...that is until a cockroach climbed from behind the bar counter and had a drink with me! Disgusting!
(1)Chris B.
Food sucks. Bartenders suck. They'd rather finish the food they're eating before serving you. Very over priced beer. Plus..what's with the sewage smell at night. It's bad. Perhaps it's what they're cooking. Seriously this place stinks.
(1)Emily S.
I have been coming to Liberty since it opened a few years ago. My visits were sporadic but when I finally moved to Mt. Penn I started going more frequently and I am proud to say that myself and my boyfriend are PROUD REGULARS! Now, I have to be honest, I wasn't always super impressed with Lib. In the beginning up until maybe a year ago, I felt like the service was sometimes off, the food just ok, and the clientele could be a bit rowdy (which I am willing to let slide because it's a bar so it happens). I don't know what happened, but the place completely changed. Their menu (maybe a month or two old now) is to die for! Please do yourself a favor and order the falafel patty from the "make your own" burger section. I have never had such amazing Falafel before! I like their Sunday special which is a dozen wings and a pizza for $16. Delicious! I do think the wings are expensive on their own (something like $10 a dozen) but when you see the size of them, it makes total sense. I'm not really a beer person, but I know my beer snob friends enjoy their selection of craft beer. I can tell you that the wait staff and bartenders are extremely knowledgable about what is currently on tap and very willing to give you a sample. They are also some of the nicest people in the world. I have never had bad service in the year that I have been going. I love going Tuesday and Wednesday's because it is a bit quieter but Sunday afternoons and evenings are nice as well, unless there is a game on ;) Love this place, love everyone in it!
(5)Zach Q.
I've never tried the food here so I can't give it 5 stars but the beer selection is phenomenal for a place in the Reading area. I was impressed by the dogfish head 120 minute soaked in oak chips, 18% abv... I didn't even try it, just impressed that Liberty was on that level. I live out of town now, so I haven't been here often but I know they have a good takeout section too. I think they're "loyalty" program with the silver mugs might be a bit far fetched. You'd have to spend 500 dollars just to get 1 dollar off per beer, but hey, what do I know? Just keep serving up the delicious craft selections. There was a band playing here during my visit. Live music is always cool.
(4)Michael Y.
I think I was last here 15+ years ago when the "out back" patio was built during a previous business incarnation. It is still a very pleasant place to sit 'n' sip on beautiful summer night. The current incarnation is fantastic; the beer selection is phenomenal, the food delish! Myself, wife and adult daughter 2 beers each a total of 6 very different varieties all great. Fish tacos and Cobb salad fresh and well done, delightful and helpful service. Well worth the experience. Next visit will be likely in the next 15 days and not 15 years, for sure!
(4)Debby W.
I live close by and really want to love this place...but after going several times since they opened it is always pretty average. Nothing was awful but not great either, food sounds better than it tastes, comes out luke warm and is nothing memorable.
(2)Jeff S.
I grew up in the Reading area and was in town for a high school class reunion. Before I even suggested that we do a pre-reunion gathering here, a few people had already recommended this place for craft beer lovers like myself. So we had our little gathering here out on the patio and I returned to check out the inside on July 4th. The beer selection is amazing. The taps change a bit so make sure you have the current menu. They have a wide variety of beer on tap in every style imaginable. In addition they have a bottle room which you can select from various bottles to drink on-site or to take home. If you can't find a beer that interests you here, you are too picky. The food is really good here. On my first visit here, I had the blackened fish tacos which were spicy. Just wish that maybe the fish could have been cut up. But the sauce and the toppings were great and provided a cool contrast to the spiciness of the fish. It also came with a salad that was beautifully presented. The next visit I had their wings which I got a whiff of from the gentleman sitting next to me. The hot sauce isn't very hot to me...maybe for Berks County standards it is but I've had hotter so I asked for the XXX Hot on the side. That was worth it. Good flavor in a rather chunky sauce. Inside they have 3 TV's each on either side of the bar and there are TV's scattered throughout the restaurant. The restaurant does seem a little dark. They also had an acoustic musician playing on Friday night. Outside, they have a really nice patio with its own bar and beer taps. Service was good here whether it was on the patio or inside. If you are into craft beer, this is definitely a place to check out.
(4)J H.
Awesome food! Fair prices and lots of beer. Outside seating makes it a favorite spot durning summer.
(5)Tyrone M.
Good wings with the house hot sauce. AYCE for $11 on Mondays. Apps are $5 on Tuesdays. Good cheesesteak rolls, but skip the Ranchero Locos Tacos. They're literally the same mini tacos that 7-11 sells 4 for $1, spruced up a little bit presentation wise.
(5)Robert K.
You like Microbrews? You like good music? You like a take-out beer? Liberty Taproom's got you covered. They are conveniently located in Exeter, PA and offer some fantastic food choices and beer pairings. They have something like 36 taps and usually have an out-of-this-world draft list. It's a beer snobs paradise! They have one of the best offerings in the area for microbrews. You could compare them to places like Canal Street in Reading, except they have servers who are attentive and will get you your drinks promptly and not keep you waiting an hour for food. Can't wait to write that review. The beer prices can be salty though. If you're budgetting, make sure you account for every sip! They have and will increase beer prices based on popularity. You know all that Pumking we're swimming in now? Well this time last year it was impossible to find. Thankfully Liberty was willing to satisfy that pumpkin desire for a reasonable sum of $16-18 a bottle. Holy price gouging! Lastly, they do NOT do reservations. That parts a real killer, especially if you have friends in town and you want to take them out for a few beers. They do call aheads in stead, which I guess is an OK alternative. If you have the funds and like to indulge and imbibe; head on over to Liberty Tap Room and check out what's on draft. Also, that pulled pork's a killer!
(3)Matthew F.
Terrible. Bad service. Careless party atmosphere. Over priced. No no no. Took 15 minutes to get a drink with rude service.
(1)Anna Mae T.
The food was good and the portions huge. I had the French dip and half the sandwich would have been an adequate portion. (That is what I ate). My daughter enjoyed the brisket sliders. We were surprised that the brisket was shredded as I typically see it in slices. Also the coleslaw was on the sandwiches but she removed it and asked for BBQ sauce. The downside was poor service. It was very slow (they were empty) and having to ask multiple times for things like a glass of water and the missing order of fries). The other waitress seemed more attentive. Also, despite many paninis on the menu they were out of panini bread so they were offering the panini not grilled and on either a brioche bun or a wrap. I changed my roger away from a panini.
(3)Thomas K.
Had a great time here last night. We went for dinner and drinks after a hockey game. We had Abe as a server and he was great! The place was jam packed and even with a lot of tables he was very attentive. Entrees aren't available after 9 pm which was fine I was happy to change my order to a burger. I like darker and more hoppy beers while my girlfriend likes lighter beers. Abe made great suggestions to both of us. We ordered the lobster cigars as an appetizer and they were surprisingly light and had great taste. My girlfriend had a calzone which she loved. The burger I ordered mistakenly was taken to another table. I was promptly informed of this by both the manager/owner? and Abe. It is a normal occurrence when a place is this busy and I was comp'd a beer which wasn't at all necessary but I was again told how sorry they were and it was the least they could do. We will certainly return here as the on tap menu changes regularly and both the clientele and employees are a joy to be around.
(5)Amy H.
Liberty Taproom supports local musicians and local musicians support Liberty Taproom. You gotta love that!
(4)Steven B.
As I wander across the country seeking out great beer spots my Yelp Mobile App has struck gold once again. Well maybe not gold but at least great golden beer! These folks have 32 drafts and a very impressive list of 450 bottles. I've visited plenty of places with more taps but rarely have I experienced this many bottles. If you are a beer aficionado it's certain you will be pleased. Part of that pleasure will come from competent bartenders that know their beers. My guy was Pat and he knew his stuff. I had a chance to chat with my fellow bar patrons and they mentioned that other bartenders here are also very knowledgeable. The bar atmosphere is more brew pub than sports bar but the eighteen TVs will likely satisfy the sports fans. The stools are comfortable. I perused the menu and decided to go for the Stromboli. You can choose Pepperoni, Sausage, Ham, or all three with Green Peppers, Mushrooms, and Mozzarella. (Large $15.75, Medium $9.75, Personal $7.75) I was hungry so I went for a medium combo of all three. Silly me! This thing was gigantic! I felt like Adam on Man vs. Food. When it was placed in front of me I expected my fellow patrons to start chanting and cheering me on. It was slightly under-cooked but still very good. Needless to say "Food" won this day. No T-shirt for me! I come from the Philly area where Yelp activity is very high. Many places have dozens if not hundreds of reviews. As I write this these folks have 15 reviews with a solid 4 star rating. Don't let the small number of reviews dissuade you. These folks deserve their four stars and are definitely worth a visit.
(4)J S.
Stopped in for lunch and a few beers. Second time there during the lunch hour and no crowd both visits so if you're looking for a laid back lunch with no lines, this is the place. Food was good. I had the Chipotle chicken panini with a side of chips. Guess you can't go wrong with a sandwich. They have 30+ taps of regularly rotating craft beers as well as a nice sized bottle room. Liberty does get busy in the evenings especially on the weekends so plan accordingly. Will definitely be back.
(4)Ed G.
I mean it's okay. So so. Not good not bad. Good portions good prices close by. Some of the staff is friendly some of the staff is rude. I'm sure they will weed that out. I would recommend a strombolli.
(4)Seam H.
Good beer selection. Food menu and specials are great. Service can be a bit slow. Band nights a bit too loud.
(4)J R.
Dirty Dirty!! mediocre food, not all beers available on the patio. This whole facility need a good scrubbing.
(1)